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Hadewijch
Hadewijch (sometimes referred to as Hadewych, Hadewig, ... of Antwerp, or ... of Brabant)〔Note that in the modern state of Belgium Antwerp (the city) lies not in Brabant (the Belgian province) but in the province of Antwerp. The "of Brabant" and "of Antwerp" identifications of the 13th century Hadewijch are apparently primarily intended to distinguish her from the 12th-century German prioress Blessed Hadewych (()). Part of the evidence for her origins lies in the fact that most of the manuscripts containing her work were found near Brussels. The Antwerp connection is mainly based on a later addition to one of the manuscript copies of her works, that was produced several centuries after her death.〕 was a 13th-century poet and mystic, probably living in the Duchy of Brabant. Most of her extant writings are in a Brabantian form of Middle Dutch. Her writings include visions, prose letters and poetry. Hadewijch was one of the most important direct influences on John of Ruysbroeck.
==Life==
No details of her life are known outside the sparse indications in her own writings. Her ''Letters'' suggest that she functioned as the head of a beguine house, but that she had experienced opposition that drove her to a wandering life.〔''Letter'' 29.〕 This evidence, as well as her lack of reference to life in a convent, makes the nineteenth-century theory that she was a nun problematic, and it has been abandoned by modern scholars.〔The 19th century understanding (based exclusively on her visions and poetry) that she would have been a nun, as described for instance in (C.P. Serrure (ed.), ''Vaderlandsch museum voor Nederduitsche letterkunde, oudheid en geschiedenis'', II ) (C. Annoot-Braeckman, Gent 1858), (pp. 136-145 ), was later abandoned. That she could be identified with an abbess that presumably died in Aywières (the convent where also Saint Lutgard lived around the same time) in 1248, is considered even more unlikely in recent scholarship. For more on this, see, for instance, the writings by Paul Mommaers mentioned in the references section below.〕 She must have come from a wealthy family: her writing demonstrates an expansive knowledge of the literature and theological treatises of several languages, including Latin and French, as well as French courtly poetry, in a period when studying was a luxury only exceptionally granted to women.
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